Un grand échantillon (N = 2357) de professionnels de santé français (médecins, infirmiers, aides-soignants notamment) a répondu à la version française du MBI-HSS. En lien avec ces deux questions, sont également examinées la possibilité d'un « effet de formulation » dans les réponses obtenues (i.e., biais de mesure induit par l’usage d’items connotés négativement pour deux dimensions et par l’usage d’items connotés positivement pour la troisième), ainsi que la suppression éventuelle d’items posant régulièrement question dans la littérature. Il traite tout d’abord de sa structure factorielle (test du modèle en trois facteurs corrélés) et de la pertinence de l'inclusion ou non-inclusion de d'accomplissement personnel (réduit) dans la définition théorique de ce syndrome ainsi que dans sa mesure. Français : Cet article concerne la mesure de l'épuisement professionnel chez les professions à caractère relationnel par le biais de l’échelle la plus fréquemment utilisée: le Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Finally, these analyses suggest the removal of two to five items, a 17-item version appeared to be the most satisfactory. Thus, the development of a new version of the MBI-HSS using bipolar scales is recommended. However, they also corroborated the existence of a “wording effect” that blurs the “true” relationships between the burnout constructs. The results confirmed the three-factor structure but called into question the inclusion of personal accomplishment in the conceptualization/measurement of burnout. The GHQ-12 enabled the nomological validity of the three MBI sub-scales to be tested. The cross-validation procedure was used to assess model invariance across two random sub-samples. Then, four theoretical models were tested through confirmatory factor analysis on complete and shortened versions of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis was first used to analyze the data. A sub-sample (n = 1824) also completed the General Health Questionnaire 12-item version (GHQ-12). A large sample (N = 2357) of French healthcare providers answered the French version of the MBI-HSS. In particular, it deals with its factor structure, the inclusion or non-inclusion of the personal accomplishment construct in burnout conceptualization (and measurement), the possibility of a “wording effect” in respondents’ answers, as well as the issue of known problematic items. English: This article concerns the measurement of burnout among human services professionals through its most widely used measure: the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS).
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